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Physics learning made simple | Hassan Bagheri

  • Home
  • Physics courses
    • Math track
    • Experimental track
    • University
      • Fundamentals of Physics
        • Chapter 1 — Measurement
          • 1.1 — Why we measure
          • 1.2 — The SI system
          • 1.3 — The meter: length standard
          • 1.4 — The second: time standard
          • 1.5 — The kilogram: mass standard
          • 1.6 — Prefixes and scientific notation
          • Dimensional analysis
          • Significant figures, precision, and accuracy
          • Unit conversion — the factor-label method
          • Worked problems — Chapter 1 toolkit in action
          • Practice problems — 22 exercises for tool mastery
          • Further reading and references
          • Q&A — Frequently asked questions for Chapter 1
        • Chapter 2 — Motion Along a Straight Line
          • 2.1 — Position, displacement, average velocity
          • 2.2 — Instantaneous velocity and speed
          • 2.3 — Acceleration
          • 2.4 — Constant acceleration and the kinematic equations
          • 2.5 — Free fall
          • 2.6 — Graphical analysis and motion integration
          • 2.7 — Worked problems — the Chapter 2 toolkit in action
          • 2.8 — Practice problems — 20 exercises for mastery
          • 2.9 — Further reading and references
          • 2.10 — Q&A — Frequently asked questions for Chapter 2
        • Chapter 3 — Vectors — the language of motion in 2D and 3D
          • 3.1 — Scalars and vectors
          • 3.2 — Vector addition — the graphical method
          • 3.3 — Components and unit vectors
          • 3.4 — Adding vectors by components
          • 3.5 — The scalar (dot) product
          • 3.6 — The vector (cross) product
          • 3.7 — Worked problems — Chapter 3 toolkit in action
          • 3.8 — Practice problems — 20 exercises for mastery
          • 3.9 — Further reading and references
          • 3.10 — Q&A — Frequently asked questions for Chapter 3
        • Chapter 4 — Motion in 2D and 3D
          • 4.1 — Position and displacement vectors
          • 4.2 — Velocity and acceleration vectors
          • 4.3 — Projectile motion
          • 4.4 — Uniform circular motion
          • 4.5 — Relative motion — inertial frames
          • 4.6 — Worked problems — Chapter 4 toolkit in action
          • 4.7 — Practice problems — 20 exercises for mastery
          • 4.8 — Further reading and references
          • 4.9 — Q&A — Frequently asked questions for Chapter 4
        • Chapter 5 — Newton’s laws of motion
          • 5.1 — The concept of force and interaction
          • 5.2 — Newton’s first law — inertia
          • 5.3 — Newton’s second law — F=ma
          • 5.4 — Newton’s third law — action and reaction
          • 5.5 — Weight and mass
          • 5.6 — Friction
          • 5.7 — Applications — pulleys, inclined planes, elevators
          • 5.8 — Worked problems — Newton’s laws in action
          • 5.9 — Practice problems — 20 exercises for mastery
          • 5.10 — Q&A — Frequently asked questions for Chapter 5
        • Chapter 6 — Advanced applications of Newton’s laws
          • 6.1 — Newton’s laws revisited for applications
          • 6.2 — Dynamics of circular motion — centripetal force
          • 6.3 — Non-uniform circular motion
          • 6.4 — Non-inertial frames and fictitious forces
          • 6.5 — Air drag and terminal velocity
          • 6.6 — The fundamental forces of nature
          • 6.7 — Worked problems — advanced Newton’s-law applications
          • 6.8 — Practice problems — 20 exercises for mastery
          • 6.9 — Q&A — Frequently asked questions for Chapter 6
        • Chapter 7 — Work and Energy
          • §7.1 — Work by a Constant Force
          • §7.2 — Variable Force Work
          • §7.3 — Kinetic Energy
          • §7.4 — Potential Energy
          • §7.5 — Energy Conservation
          • §7.6 — Power
          • Chapter 7 — Flashcards
          • Chapter 7 — Q&A
        • Chapter 8 — Potential Energy and Conservation of Energy
          • §8.1 — PE Functions
          • §8.2 — Gravitational PE
          • §8.3 — Elastic PE
          • §8.4 — Energy Conservation
          • §8.5 — Non-Conservative Forces
          • §8.6 — Energy Diagrams
          • §8.7 — Complex Systems
          • Chapter 8 — Q&A
          • Chapter 8 — Flashcards
        • Chapter 9 — Center of Mass and Particle Systems
        • Chapter 10 — Rotation of a Rigid Body
          • Chapter 10 — Flashcards
        • Chapter 11 — Rolling, Torque, and Angular Momentum
        • Chapter 12 — Equilibrium and Elasticity
          • §12.2 — Center of Mass and Center of Gravity
          • Chapter 12 — Flashcards
        • Chapter 13 — Gravitation
          • Chapter 13 — Section
          • Chapter 13 — Section
          • §13.1 — Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation
          • §13.2 — Gravitational Potential Energy
          • §13.3 — Escape Speed and Orbital Speed
          • §13.4 — Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion
          • §13.5 — Gravitational Field and Force
          • §13.6 — Satellites and Orbital Mechanics
          • §13.7 — Tidal Forces and Gravitational Interactions
          • Chapter 13 — Q&A
          • Chapter 13 — Flashcards
        • Chapter 14 — Fluids
          • §14.1 — Fluids and Pressure
          • §14.2 — Hydrostatic Pressure
          • §14.3 — Archimedes’ Principle and Buoyancy
          • §14.4 — Continuity Equation
          • §14.5 — Bernoulli’s Equation
          • §14.6 — Viscosity and Stokes’ Law
          • §14.7 — Turbulence and Complex Flow
          • Chapter 14 — Q&A
          • Chapter 14 — Flashcards
      • Short university articles
        • Appendix — How the cesium atomic clock works
      • Tutorial articles
        • The definite integral for physicists — from Riemann sums to real applications
        • How Galileo measured g — inclined planes, water clocks, and pendulums
      • Gravitation
        • Gravitation — from Newton’s apple to Earth’s mass
        • Article 1 — How Newton reached the 1/r² law
        • Article 2 — How Cavendish measured G
        • Article 3 — Earth mass, the value of g, and its variation with altitude
  • Physics branches
  • Blog
  • Videos
  • About me
  • Contact
  • Laboratory
    • 🔬 Laboratory
      • 🎯 Pendulum
      • Lab: Hookes Spring
      • Lab: Simple Pendulum
      • ⬇️ Free Fall
      • 📏 Ruler
      • Lab: Free Fall
  • IYPT
    • 2027kit
  • Home
  • Physics courses
    • Math track
    • Experimental track
    • University
      • Fundamentals of Physics
        • Chapter 1 — Measurement
          • 1.1 — Why we measure
          • 1.2 — The SI system
          • 1.3 — The meter: length standard
          • 1.4 — The second: time standard
          • 1.5 — The kilogram: mass standard
          • 1.6 — Prefixes and scientific notation
          • Dimensional analysis
          • Significant figures, precision, and accuracy
          • Unit conversion — the factor-label method
          • Worked problems — Chapter 1 toolkit in action
          • Practice problems — 22 exercises for tool mastery
          • Further reading and references
          • Q&A — Frequently asked questions for Chapter 1
        • Chapter 2 — Motion Along a Straight Line
          • 2.1 — Position, displacement, average velocity
          • 2.2 — Instantaneous velocity and speed
          • 2.3 — Acceleration
          • 2.4 — Constant acceleration and the kinematic equations
          • 2.5 — Free fall
          • 2.6 — Graphical analysis and motion integration
          • 2.7 — Worked problems — the Chapter 2 toolkit in action
          • 2.8 — Practice problems — 20 exercises for mastery
          • 2.9 — Further reading and references
          • 2.10 — Q&A — Frequently asked questions for Chapter 2
        • Chapter 3 — Vectors — the language of motion in 2D and 3D
          • 3.1 — Scalars and vectors
          • 3.2 — Vector addition — the graphical method
          • 3.3 — Components and unit vectors
          • 3.4 — Adding vectors by components
          • 3.5 — The scalar (dot) product
          • 3.6 — The vector (cross) product
          • 3.7 — Worked problems — Chapter 3 toolkit in action
          • 3.8 — Practice problems — 20 exercises for mastery
          • 3.9 — Further reading and references
          • 3.10 — Q&A — Frequently asked questions for Chapter 3
        • Chapter 4 — Motion in 2D and 3D
          • 4.1 — Position and displacement vectors
          • 4.2 — Velocity and acceleration vectors
          • 4.3 — Projectile motion
          • 4.4 — Uniform circular motion
          • 4.5 — Relative motion — inertial frames
          • 4.6 — Worked problems — Chapter 4 toolkit in action
          • 4.7 — Practice problems — 20 exercises for mastery
          • 4.8 — Further reading and references
          • 4.9 — Q&A — Frequently asked questions for Chapter 4
        • Chapter 5 — Newton’s laws of motion
          • 5.1 — The concept of force and interaction
          • 5.2 — Newton’s first law — inertia
          • 5.3 — Newton’s second law — F=ma
          • 5.4 — Newton’s third law — action and reaction
          • 5.5 — Weight and mass
          • 5.6 — Friction
          • 5.7 — Applications — pulleys, inclined planes, elevators
          • 5.8 — Worked problems — Newton’s laws in action
          • 5.9 — Practice problems — 20 exercises for mastery
          • 5.10 — Q&A — Frequently asked questions for Chapter 5
        • Chapter 6 — Advanced applications of Newton’s laws
          • 6.1 — Newton’s laws revisited for applications
          • 6.2 — Dynamics of circular motion — centripetal force
          • 6.3 — Non-uniform circular motion
          • 6.4 — Non-inertial frames and fictitious forces
          • 6.5 — Air drag and terminal velocity
          • 6.6 — The fundamental forces of nature
          • 6.7 — Worked problems — advanced Newton’s-law applications
          • 6.8 — Practice problems — 20 exercises for mastery
          • 6.9 — Q&A — Frequently asked questions for Chapter 6
        • Chapter 7 — Work and Energy
          • §7.1 — Work by a Constant Force
          • §7.2 — Variable Force Work
          • §7.3 — Kinetic Energy
          • §7.4 — Potential Energy
          • §7.5 — Energy Conservation
          • §7.6 — Power
          • Chapter 7 — Flashcards
          • Chapter 7 — Q&A
        • Chapter 8 — Potential Energy and Conservation of Energy
          • §8.1 — PE Functions
          • §8.2 — Gravitational PE
          • §8.3 — Elastic PE
          • §8.4 — Energy Conservation
          • §8.5 — Non-Conservative Forces
          • §8.6 — Energy Diagrams
          • §8.7 — Complex Systems
          • Chapter 8 — Q&A
          • Chapter 8 — Flashcards
        • Chapter 9 — Center of Mass and Particle Systems
        • Chapter 10 — Rotation of a Rigid Body
          • Chapter 10 — Flashcards
        • Chapter 11 — Rolling, Torque, and Angular Momentum
        • Chapter 12 — Equilibrium and Elasticity
          • §12.2 — Center of Mass and Center of Gravity
          • Chapter 12 — Flashcards
        • Chapter 13 — Gravitation
          • Chapter 13 — Section
          • Chapter 13 — Section
          • §13.1 — Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation
          • §13.2 — Gravitational Potential Energy
          • §13.3 — Escape Speed and Orbital Speed
          • §13.4 — Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion
          • §13.5 — Gravitational Field and Force
          • §13.6 — Satellites and Orbital Mechanics
          • §13.7 — Tidal Forces and Gravitational Interactions
          • Chapter 13 — Q&A
          • Chapter 13 — Flashcards
        • Chapter 14 — Fluids
          • §14.1 — Fluids and Pressure
          • §14.2 — Hydrostatic Pressure
          • §14.3 — Archimedes’ Principle and Buoyancy
          • §14.4 — Continuity Equation
          • §14.5 — Bernoulli’s Equation
          • §14.6 — Viscosity and Stokes’ Law
          • §14.7 — Turbulence and Complex Flow
          • Chapter 14 — Q&A
          • Chapter 14 — Flashcards
      • Short university articles
        • Appendix — How the cesium atomic clock works
      • Tutorial articles
        • The definite integral for physicists — from Riemann sums to real applications
        • How Galileo measured g — inclined planes, water clocks, and pendulums
      • Gravitation
        • Gravitation — from Newton’s apple to Earth’s mass
        • Article 1 — How Newton reached the 1/r² law
        • Article 2 — How Cavendish measured G
        • Article 3 — Earth mass, the value of g, and its variation with altitude
  • Physics branches
  • Blog
  • Videos
  • About me
  • Contact
  • Laboratory
    • 🔬 Laboratory
      • 🎯 Pendulum
      • Lab: Hookes Spring
      • Lab: Simple Pendulum
      • ⬇️ Free Fall
      • 📏 Ruler
      • Lab: Free Fall
  • IYPT
    • 2027kit

کتاب مرجع: Tutorial articles

The definite integral for physicists — from Riemann sums to real applications

The definite integral for physicists — from Riemann sums to practical applications: displacement, work, potential energy. Step-by-step guide for students new to calculus.

How Galileo measured g — inclined planes, water clocks, and pendulums

How Galileo in 1600 measured gravitational acceleration g using inclined planes, water clocks, and pendulums — with no digital stopwatch. Includes an SVG animation of the inclined-plane experiment.

PhysicalMe

Physics learning made simple | Hassan Bagheri

  • Home
  • Physics courses
    • Math track
    • Experimental track
    • University
      • Fundamentals of Physics
        • Chapter 1 — Measurement
          • 1.1 — Why we measure
          • 1.2 — The SI system
          • 1.3 — The meter: length standard
          • 1.4 — The second: time standard
          • 1.5 — The kilogram: mass standard
          • 1.6 — Prefixes and scientific notation
          • Dimensional analysis
          • Significant figures, precision, and accuracy
          • Unit conversion — the factor-label method
          • Worked problems — Chapter 1 toolkit in action
          • Practice problems — 22 exercises for tool mastery
          • Further reading and references
          • Q&A — Frequently asked questions for Chapter 1
        • Chapter 2 — Motion Along a Straight Line
          • 2.1 — Position, displacement, average velocity
          • 2.2 — Instantaneous velocity and speed
          • 2.3 — Acceleration
          • 2.4 — Constant acceleration and the kinematic equations
          • 2.5 — Free fall
          • 2.6 — Graphical analysis and motion integration
          • 2.7 — Worked problems — the Chapter 2 toolkit in action
          • 2.8 — Practice problems — 20 exercises for mastery
          • 2.9 — Further reading and references
          • 2.10 — Q&A — Frequently asked questions for Chapter 2
        • Chapter 3 — Vectors — the language of motion in 2D and 3D
          • 3.1 — Scalars and vectors
          • 3.2 — Vector addition — the graphical method
          • 3.3 — Components and unit vectors
          • 3.4 — Adding vectors by components
          • 3.5 — The scalar (dot) product
          • 3.6 — The vector (cross) product
          • 3.7 — Worked problems — Chapter 3 toolkit in action
          • 3.8 — Practice problems — 20 exercises for mastery
          • 3.9 — Further reading and references
          • 3.10 — Q&A — Frequently asked questions for Chapter 3
        • Chapter 4 — Motion in 2D and 3D
          • 4.1 — Position and displacement vectors
          • 4.2 — Velocity and acceleration vectors
          • 4.3 — Projectile motion
          • 4.4 — Uniform circular motion
          • 4.5 — Relative motion — inertial frames
          • 4.6 — Worked problems — Chapter 4 toolkit in action
          • 4.7 — Practice problems — 20 exercises for mastery
          • 4.8 — Further reading and references
          • 4.9 — Q&A — Frequently asked questions for Chapter 4
        • Chapter 5 — Newton’s laws of motion
          • 5.1 — The concept of force and interaction
          • 5.2 — Newton’s first law — inertia
          • 5.3 — Newton’s second law — F=ma
          • 5.4 — Newton’s third law — action and reaction
          • 5.5 — Weight and mass
          • 5.6 — Friction
          • 5.7 — Applications — pulleys, inclined planes, elevators
          • 5.8 — Worked problems — Newton’s laws in action
          • 5.9 — Practice problems — 20 exercises for mastery
          • 5.10 — Q&A — Frequently asked questions for Chapter 5
        • Chapter 6 — Advanced applications of Newton’s laws
          • 6.1 — Newton’s laws revisited for applications
          • 6.2 — Dynamics of circular motion — centripetal force
          • 6.3 — Non-uniform circular motion
          • 6.4 — Non-inertial frames and fictitious forces
          • 6.5 — Air drag and terminal velocity
          • 6.6 — The fundamental forces of nature
          • 6.7 — Worked problems — advanced Newton’s-law applications
          • 6.8 — Practice problems — 20 exercises for mastery
          • 6.9 — Q&A — Frequently asked questions for Chapter 6
        • Chapter 7 — Work and Energy
          • §7.1 — Work by a Constant Force
          • §7.2 — Variable Force Work
          • §7.3 — Kinetic Energy
          • §7.4 — Potential Energy
          • §7.5 — Energy Conservation
          • §7.6 — Power
          • Chapter 7 — Flashcards
          • Chapter 7 — Q&A
        • Chapter 8 — Potential Energy and Conservation of Energy
          • §8.1 — PE Functions
          • §8.2 — Gravitational PE
          • §8.3 — Elastic PE
          • §8.4 — Energy Conservation
          • §8.5 — Non-Conservative Forces
          • §8.6 — Energy Diagrams
          • §8.7 — Complex Systems
          • Chapter 8 — Q&A
          • Chapter 8 — Flashcards
        • Chapter 9 — Center of Mass and Particle Systems
        • Chapter 10 — Rotation of a Rigid Body
          • Chapter 10 — Flashcards
        • Chapter 11 — Rolling, Torque, and Angular Momentum
        • Chapter 12 — Equilibrium and Elasticity
          • §12.2 — Center of Mass and Center of Gravity
          • Chapter 12 — Flashcards
        • Chapter 13 — Gravitation
          • Chapter 13 — Section
          • Chapter 13 — Section
          • §13.1 — Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation
          • §13.2 — Gravitational Potential Energy
          • §13.3 — Escape Speed and Orbital Speed
          • §13.4 — Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion
          • §13.5 — Gravitational Field and Force
          • §13.6 — Satellites and Orbital Mechanics
          • §13.7 — Tidal Forces and Gravitational Interactions
          • Chapter 13 — Q&A
          • Chapter 13 — Flashcards
        • Chapter 14 — Fluids
          • §14.1 — Fluids and Pressure
          • §14.2 — Hydrostatic Pressure
          • §14.3 — Archimedes’ Principle and Buoyancy
          • §14.4 — Continuity Equation
          • §14.5 — Bernoulli’s Equation
          • §14.6 — Viscosity and Stokes’ Law
          • §14.7 — Turbulence and Complex Flow
          • Chapter 14 — Q&A
          • Chapter 14 — Flashcards
      • Short university articles
        • Appendix — How the cesium atomic clock works
      • Tutorial articles
        • The definite integral for physicists — from Riemann sums to real applications
        • How Galileo measured g — inclined planes, water clocks, and pendulums
      • Gravitation
        • Gravitation — from Newton’s apple to Earth’s mass
        • Article 1 — How Newton reached the 1/r² law
        • Article 2 — How Cavendish measured G
        • Article 3 — Earth mass, the value of g, and its variation with altitude
  • Physics branches
  • Blog
  • Videos
  • About me
  • Contact
  • Laboratory
    • 🔬 Laboratory
      • 🎯 Pendulum
      • Lab: Hookes Spring
      • Lab: Simple Pendulum
      • ⬇️ Free Fall
      • 📏 Ruler
      • Lab: Free Fall
  • IYPT
    • 2027kit

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